Signal
Similar look and feel of WhatsApp and other commonly used messaging apps, makes switching easy. Signal requires your phone number as an personal identifier.
17 private alternatives, vetted against our public criteria.
WhatsApp encrypts the contents of your messages, so nobody reads your texts, but it is owned by Meta and the metadata still flows to the company by design: who you talk to, how often and when, plus the number you signed up with. The problem is not a setting you missed, because the social graph is the asset the platform keeps. The messengers below protect that layer too, so the pattern of your conversations is not an open book.
Similar look and feel of WhatsApp and other commonly used messaging apps, makes switching easy. Signal requires your phone number as an personal identifier.
Decentralized messenger that assigns no identifier to users, not even a random number. Contacts are established via one-time invite links or QR codes, with all data stored on-device only.
Hardened fork of Signal for Android that adds an encrypted local database, automatic RAM wiping on lock, and Tor/SOCKS proxy support via Orbot. Ships in two variants: one with FCM push and one fully FOSS without Google.
No phone number or email address is required to signup. Similar functionality like Element, but still in an earlier stage of development. Decentralized servers routed through…
No native desktop apps available yet, but there is a web version for your browser. No phone number is required to signup but there is a payment involved to get the app.…
Briar doesn't rely on a central server: messages are synchronized directly between the users' devices via Bluetooth or Wi-Fi. Online sync via the Tor network is possible, too.…
User friendly, lightweight, for desktop and Android. End-to-end encrypted and takes place over Tor v3 onion services. Privacy-preserving, multi-party messaging protocol. Built…
Based on Ricochet but improved security and compatibility with Tor Onion Services v3 instead of older v2.
Delta Chat doesn't have their own servers but uses the most massive and diverse open messaging system ever: the existing e-mail server network. Chat with anyone if you know…
Wide range of features but a highly experimental protocol, use with caution.
Jami: Instant messaging and video calling
The person creating the call requires to use Brave Browser, but the participants can join from any browser.
Desktop version downloads can be found here .
No phone number or email address is required to signup. Uses the peer-to-peer (p2p) messaging protocol Waku that removes centralized third parties from messages.
Open source, self-hostable Discord alternative, formerly Revolt. Built for communities that want off Discord, but it is not end-to-end encrypted.
Linphone: Video and instant messaging
Apple's built-in messenger. End-to-end encrypted between Apple devices.
Why settings won’t fix WhatsApp. Message bodies are end-to-end encrypted, which is genuinely good, yet the social graph and the timing of every conversation flow to Meta regardless, and no privacy setting hides who you talk to from the company that runs the network. Metadata by itself reveals an enormous amount: your relationships, your routines, the groups you belong to, all tied to the phone number you registered with. You cannot opt out of contact discovery, and you cannot detach the account from your number. There is no toggle for “stop mapping who I know,” because that map is the basis of the product. The only real fix is a messenger built to collect as little around your messages as possible, not just to encrypt their contents.
What actually matters in a messenger. End-to-end encryption on by default is now table stakes, even WhatsApp has it, so encryption alone no longer tells you much. What separates the apps here is everything around the message: real metadata minimisation so the provider does not become a map of your contacts and timing, an open-source and independently audited codebase so the claims have been checked by people outside the company, and no requirement to expose your phone number or real-world identity. Signal leans on encryption designed to protect metadata as well as content, while a tool like SimpleX Chat is built so there is no account identifier to collect in the first place. Match the app to who you are actually hiding from, because the strongest option for a high-risk user is overkill for a family group chat.
How to switch. The hard part is people, not technology. Get the friends and groups you message most onto one app, move conversations over a few at a time, and keep WhatsApp installed briefly for anyone who lags behind. Lead with your closest contacts so the network effect starts working for you, and the rest tend to follow once the core is there. The encryption only protects a conversation when both ends are on the same app, so the social step really is the whole job. If WhatsApp is only one piece of Meta you are trying to leave, the escape Meta playbook puts Facebook and Instagram in the same place, so you can unwind the rest of the ecosystem on the same trip.